Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a foreign substance, such as from pollen, bee venom, pet dander, or even certain foods. The immune system will produce substances known as antibodies. When you have an allergy, your immune system makes antibodies that identify a certain allergen as dangerous, even though it’s not. When you come into contact with an allergen, the immune system’s reaction can cause several symptoms such as inflammation of the skin, sinuses, problems in the respiratory tract, to digestive system disorders.
The severity of allergies can vary from person to person and can range from mild irritation to anaphylaxis (a potentially life-threatening emergency). Although most allergies cannot be cured, treatment can help relieve allergy symptoms.
Types of Allergies That Can Occur
So that you do not mistakenly recognize the allergies you suffer from, the following are the types of allergies that usually occur:
1. Food allergies
Food allergies occur after eating certain foods that can trigger allergies, such as eggs, milk, nuts, wheat, soy, and seafood such as fish and shellfish.
Food allergic reactions can include itchy skin and mouth, swollen lips and face, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and difficulty breathing.
2. Skin allergies
Skin allergies occur when allergens that trigger allergies come into contact with the skin. This allergic reaction can include reddened skin, rash, itching, and swelling.
Allergens that can trigger skin allergies are very diverse, ranging from pollen, nickel metal, certain plants, latex materials, to beauty products or cleaning products that contain certain substances.
3. Dust allergy
Dust can be a substance that can cause allergies. In addition to dust, allergic reactions can also be caused by mites or fleas, pet feces, dead cockroach carcasses, and spores.
People with dust allergies will usually experience symptoms of watery eyes, red eyes, itchy skin, sneezing, and an itchy and stuffy nose, after being exposed to substances that trigger allergies.
To overcome dust allergies, you are advised to keep the surrounding environment clean. Don’t forget to wear a mask when cleaning the house.
4. Drug allergy
A drug allergy is an overreaction of the body’s immune system to a drug taken. There are many types of medications that can trigger allergies, including antibiotics such as penicillin, pain medications such as aspirin, chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer, and medications to treat autoimmune diseases.
You should immediately consult a doctor if you feel an allergic reaction after taking the drug, such as skin rash, itching, fever, swelling, wheezing, watery eyes, and shortness of breath.
The main principle of allergy treatment is to identify the cause of the allergy and stay away from the triggering factor. To treat bothersome complaints, doctors can give antihistamines to reduce itching. As for severe allergies, the doctor may also give corticosteroid drugs.
Of the various allergies above, allergic reactions that appear will be different for each person. Although allergic reactions are generally not life threatening, you need to be aware of an anaphylactic reaction.
This condition is characterized by difficulty breathing, weak pulse, increased heart rate, and pale skin. Although rare, anaphylactic reactions should be watched out for because they can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.
If you experience an allergic reaction after consuming or being exposed to something, immediately go to the doctor or the emergency department at the nearest hospital for proper treatment.
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